Valvular Heart Disease Mnemonics

By : Dr. Subrahmanyam Karuturi

> Aortic root dilatation: causes ADAMS
Aneurysm, Dissection, Ankylosing spondylitis, Marfan's syndrome, Syphilis

> Mitral Stenosis, Complications PASTRI
Pulm ↑BP, A fib, Systemic embolism, Tricuspid regurg, Right heart failure, Infective
endocarditis

> Rheumatic fever:
Major criteria CASES
Carditis, Arthritis (migratory), Subcut nodules, Erythema marginatum, Syndenhams chorea
Minor criteria 4PA
Pyrexia, prolonged PR, past Hx, positive (ie ↑)ESR/CRP, Arthralgia

> Symptoms of aortic stenosis ASD
Angina 2 years }
Syncope 1 year } prognosis
Dyspnoea 6/12 }

> Mitral regurgitation

When you hear holosystolic murmurs, think "MR-THEM ARE holosystolic murmurs".

> Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones criteria JONES PEACE:
· Major criteria:
Joints: migratory
O (heart shaped) Carditis: new onset murmur
Nodules, subcutaneous: extensor surfaces
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham's chorea
· Minor criteria:
PR interval, prolonged
ESR elevated
Arthralgias
CRP elevated
Elevated temperature (fever)
· Need 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor criteria, plus evidence of recent GAS infection (throat cx, rapid antigen test, or rising strep antibody titer).

>  Rheumatic fever: Jones criteria · Major criteria: CANCER:
Carditis
Arthritis
Nodules
Chorea
Erythema
Rheumatic anamnesis
· Minor criteria: CAFE PAL:
CRP increased
Arthralgia
Fever
Elevated ESR
Prolonged PR interval
Anamnesis of rheumatism
Leucocytosis

> Rheumatic fever: Jones major criteria JONES:
Joints (migrating polyarthritis)
Obvious, the heart (carditis, pancarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis or valvulits)
Nodes (subcutaneous nodules)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham's chorea

> Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria STREP:
Sydenhams chorea
Transient migratory arthritis
Rheumatic subcutaneous nodules
Erythema marginatum
Pancarditis (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis)
· STREP, since Rheumatic fever is caused by group A strep.

> Aortic regurgitation: causes CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation
Marfan's

> Aortic regurgitation: causes MARRIS:
Marfans
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatoid arthritis
Infective endocarditis
Syphilis

> Rheumatic fever: Revised Jones' criteria JONES crITERIA:
· Major criteria:
Joint (arthritis)
Obvious (Cardiac)
Nodule (Rheumatic)
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
· Minor criteria:
Inflammatory cells (leukocytosis)
Temperature (fever)
ESR/CRP elevated
Raised PR interval
Itself (previous Hx of Rheumatic fever)
Arthralgia
 

> Mitral stenosis (MS) vs. regurgitation (MR): epidemiology MS is a female title (Ms.) and it is female predominant.
MR is a male title (Mr.) and it is male predominant.

> Heart valves: sequence of flow TRIPS BIAS:
TRIcuspid
Pulmonary
Semilunar
BIcuspid
Aortic
Semilunar
Alternatively: "TRIPS, MI ASs!" (uses MItral instead of BIcuspid)
 

> Heart valves: closure sequence "Many Things Are Possible":
Mitral, Tricuspid, Aortic, Pulmonic

> Heart valves: placement of valves on standard heart anterior view "Try before you Buy": When read across the page, the tricuspid valve comes before the bicuspid valve.
Also, the lunar valves are near the top (in the sky), like the moon.

> Rheumatic fever: Jones 5 major criteria SPACE:
Subcutaneous nodules
Pancarditis
Arthritis
Chorea
Erythema Marginatum

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